By Mickey Kim
While the “active” (i.e. picking individual stocks) vs. “passive” (i.e. index investing) management debate has reached a fever pitch recently, a passionate conversation has been ongoing for well over a decade.
Warren Buffett’s annual letters to shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway are legendary for explaining concepts in an easy-to-understand manner. In Buffett’s 2005 letter (February 2006), he told of the fictional “Gotrocks” family, which owned all corporations in America (think passive, index investors). Fast-talking “Helpers” whispered to individual family members how they could outsmart their relatives by buying and selling certain holdings (think active investors), which these Helpers could broker, for a fee.
Buying and selling individual holdings led to the need for Helpers to pick which holdings to buy and sell (i.e. investment managers), which in turn led to the need for Helpers to pick investment managers (i.e. consultants). All these Helpers needed to be paid, but none as much as the newest hyper-Helpers (i.e. hedge funds) to appear, which promised the real key to success was paying even steeper fees (2 percent of assets under management plus 20 percent of gains, together known as “2 and 20”).
Hedge funds generally operate in secrecy and many use investment strategies you need to be a Nobel Prize winner to understand. Part of their attraction is that many investors prefer to invest in things they don’t understand and equate higher price to better quality.
Finally, hedge funds are a great way for the manager/general partner to get rich, not the investors/limited partners.
Forbes estimated the 25 highest-earning hedge fund managers personally made a combined $10.9 billion in 2016, even though many of their funds underperformed.
Watch “Billions” on Showtime! At Berkshire’s May 2006 annual meeting, Buffett talked about the impact of fees paid to Helpers on performance and offered to wager $500,000 that over 10 years the performance of an S&P 500 index fund would beat any five hedge funds the opponent would choose (after fees).
For over a year, Buffett heard nothing but crickets from the hedge fund Masters of the Universe, who urged Gotrocks to bet billions on their skill, but were shy about putting up their own dough.
Only Ted Seide, co-manager of Protege Partners (which manages a “fund of funds” investing in other hedge funds, charging its own fees in addition to the underlying funds’ fees) stepped forward.
Seide picked five “fund of funds” (never identified), containing more than 100 individual hedge funds. The bet covered Jan. 1, 2008, to Dec. 31, 2017. You can still see the bet posted to Long Bets (longbets.org), a not-for-profit seeded by Amazon’s Jeff Bezos to administer long-term bets for the benefit of charity.
Buffett’s designated charity was Girls Inc. of Omaha and Seide’s was Friends of Absolute Return for Kids Inc.
The results were predictable. Buffett said the compound annual return through the end of 2016 was 7.1 percent for the S&P 500 index fund, but averaged only 2.2 percent for the five funds of funds. In dollar terms, $1 million invested in the S&P 500 index fund gained $854,000, while $1 million invested in the funds of funds gained only $220,000.
Seide has conceded defeat. Don’t bet against Buffett or buy when he’s selling or sell when he’s buying.
Mickey Kim is the chief operating officer and chief compliance officer for Columbus-based investment adviser Kirr Marbach & Co. Kim also writes for the Indianapolis Business Journal. He can be reached at 812-376-9444 or [email protected].
